No.08
So we know that in primate hierarchies, if an alpha needs to take over, if an individual needs to take over an alpha role sort of suddenly, within a few days, that individual’s testosterone has gone up significantly and his cortisol has dropped significantly. So we have this evidence, both that the body can shape the mind, at least at the facial level, and also that role changes can shape the mind. So what happens, okay, you take a role change, what happens if you do that at a really minimal level, like this tiny manipulation, this tiny intervention? “For two minutes,” you say, “I want you to stand like this, and it’s going to make you feel more powerful.” So this is what we did. We decided to bring people into the lab and run a little experiment, and these people adopted, for two minutes, either high-power poses or low-power poses, and I’m just going to show you five of the poses, although they took on only two. So here’s one. A couple more. This one has been dubbed the “Wonder Woman” by the media. Here are a couple more. So you can be standing or you can be sitting. And here are the low-power poses. So you’re folding up, you’re making yourself small. This one is very low-power. When you’re touching your neck, you’re really protecting yourself. So this is what happens. They come in, they spit into a vial, we for two minutes say, “You need to do this or this. “They don’t look at pictures of the poses. We don’t want to prime them with a concept of power. We want them to be feeling power, right? So two minutes they do this. We then ask them, “How powerful do you feel?” on a series of items, and then we give them an opportunity to gamble, and then we take another saliva sample. That’s it. That’s the whole experiment.
ボキャブラリー
So we know that in primate hierarchies, if an alpha needs to take over, if an individual needs to take over an alpha role sort of suddenly, within a few days, that individual’s testosterone has gone up significantly and his cortisol has dropped significantly. So we have this evidence, both that the body can shape the mind, at least at the facial level, and also that role changes can shape the mind. So what happens, okay, you take a role change, what happens if you do that at a really minimal level, like this tiny manipulation, this tiny intervention? “For two minutes,” you say, “I want you to stand like this, and it’s going to make you feel more powerful.” So this is what we did. We decided to bring people into the lab and run a little experiment, and these people adopted, for two minutes, either high-power poses or low-power poses, and I’m just going to show you five of the poses, although they took on only two. So here’s one. A couple more. This one has been dubbed the “Wonder Woman” by the media. Here are a couple more. So you can be standing or you can be sitting. And here are the low-power poses. So you’re folding up, you’re making yourself small. This one is very low-power. When you’re touching your neck, you’re really protecting yourself. So this is what happens. They come in, they spit into a vial, we for two minutes say, “You need to do this or this. “They don’t look at pictures of the poses. We don’t want to prime them with a concept of power. We want them to be feeling power, right? So two minutes they do this. We then ask them, “How powerful do you feel?” on a series of items, and then we give them an opportunity to gamble, and then we take another saliva sample. That’s it. That’s the whole experiment.
primate: n. 霊長類、霊長目の動物（the Primateで「主席司教、大主教」という意味もある）
hierarchy: n. （社会・組織などの）階級制度、ヒエラルキー、（動物の群れの）順位
alpha: n. 第１のもの、一番のもの、（群れの）第一位のもの（ここでは「ボス」の意）
take over: 引き継ぐ、引き受ける
individual: n. （集団に対する）個人、個体
within a few days: 数日以内に
go up: 上がる、増す、上昇する
significantly: adv. 著しく、大きく、かなり
facial: a. 顔の、顔面の；顔に用いる、顔用の（注：日本語字幕では「表面的」となっているが間違い。
at the facial leverは「顔のレベルでは」（顔が笑うと楽しくなるということ）のこと。「表面的な」はsuperficial, surface-lever, cosmeticなどがある。）
shape: vt. 〜を形作る
role: n. 役割、役目、任務
minimal: a. 最小の、極小の、わずかな
tiny: a. とても小さい、ちっちゃい、ごくわずかの
manipulation: n. 操作、取り扱い、上手な扱い、巧みな操作
intervention: n. 介入、介在、干渉、仲裁
lab: n. (= laboratory) 実験室、研究室
run: vt. （実験・テストなどを）行う
experiment: n. 実験
adopt: 〈態度など〉をとる
high-power pose: 力強いポーズ
low-power pose: 無力なポーズ
adopt either high-power poses or low-power poses: 力強いポーズか無力なポーズかをとる
take on: 〔ある性質・外観・意味などを〕呈する、帯びる、持つようになる、獲得する
a couple more： もう２〜３、もう２〜３個
dub: vt. （人をニックネームで）呼ぶ、（人にニックネームを）付ける
media: n. マスメディア、マスコミ
fold up: 体を折り曲げる、腹を抱える
protect: vt. 〜を守る、かばう、保護する
come in: 中に入る、参加する、現れる
spit: vi つばを吐く
vial: n. 小びん、薬びん
prime 人 with ~: vt. 人に〜（情報など）を知らせる、与える
concept: n. 概念、観念
a series of ~: 一連の〜
item: n. 事項、項目、箇条
on a series of items: 一連の事項において
opportunity: n. 機会、チャンス
gamble: vi ギャンブルをする、賭け事をする
saliva: n. 唾液、つば
sample: n. サンプル、標本
解説
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