No.03
And there’s a lot of reason to believe that this is a valid way to look at this. So social scientists have spent a lot of time looking at the effects of our body language, or other people’s body language, on judgments. And we make sweeping judgments and inferences from body language. And those judgments can predict really meaningful life outcomes like who we hire or promote, who we ask out on a date.
For example, Nalini Ambady, a researcher at Tufts University, shows that when people watch 30-second soundless clips of real physician-patient interactions, their judgments of the physician’s niceness predict whether or not that physician will be sued. So it doesn’t have to do so much with whether or not that physician was incompetent, but do we like that person and how they interacted?
Even more dramatic, Alex Todorov at Princeton has shown us that judgments of political candidates’ faces in just one second predict 70 percent of U.S. Senate and gubernatorial race outcomes, and even, let’s go digital, emoticons used well in online negotiations can lead to you claim more value from that negotiation. If you use them poorly, bad idea. Right?
So when we think of nonverbals, we think of how we judge others, how they judge us and what the outcomes are. We tend to forget, though, the other audience that’s influenced by our nonverbals, and that’s ourselves.
We are also influenced by our nonverbals, our thoughts and our feelings and our physiology. So what nonverbals am I talking about? I’m a social psychologist. I study prejudice, and I teach at a competitive business school, so it was inevitable that I would become interested in power dynamics. I became especially interested in nonverbal expressions of power and dominance.
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And there’s a lot of reason to believe that this is a valid way to look at this. So social scientists have spent a lot of time looking at the effects of our body language, or other people’s body language, on judgments. And we make sweeping judgments and inferences from body language. And those judgments can predict really meaningful life outcomes like who we hire or promote, and who we ask out on a date.
For example, Nalini Ambady, a researcher at Tufts University, shows that when people watch 30-second soundless clips of real physician-patient interactions, their judgments of the physician’s niceness predict whether or not that physician will be sued. So it doesn’t have to do so much with whether or not that physician was incompetent, but do we like that person and how they interacted?
Even more dramatic, Alex Todorov at Princeton has shown us that judgments of political candidates‘ faces in just one second predict 70 percent of U.S. Senate and gubernatorial race outcomes, and even, let’s go digital, emoticons used well in online negotiations can lead to you claim more value from that negotiation. If you use them poorly, bad idea. Right?
So when we think of nonverbals, we think of how we judge others, how they judge us and what the outcomes are. We tend to forget, though, the other audience that’s influenced by our nonverbals, and that’s ourselves.
We are also influenced by our nonverbals, our thoughts and our feelings and our physiology. So what nonverbals am I talking about? I’m a social psychologist. I study prejudice, and I teach at a competitive business school, so it was inevitable that I would become interested in power dynamics. I became especially interested in nonverbal expressions of power and dominance.
valid：a. 正当な、妥当な、根拠のある
social scientist：n. 社会科学者
spend：vt. 《〜するのに》〜を使う、費やす(on)doing/on
onは省略されることもある。ここではlooking atの前のonが省略されている。
effect：n. 影響、効果 （effects on で「〜に対する影響」なので、あとのon judgmentにかかる。つまり「判断への影響」）
judgment：n. 意見、見解、判断
sweeping：n. 広範囲にわたる；全面的な、大々的な、徹底的な
inference：n. 推測、推論、推察
predict：vt. 〜を予測する、予言する
outcome：n. 結果、結論、成果
hire：vt. （人）を雇う
promote：vt. 昇進させる、昇格させる
ask out：（人）をデートに誘う、招く、招待する
ask out on a date = ask out for a date 「デートに誘う」
researcher：n. 研究者
30-minute：← 30-secondの言い間違い（[文法]：30は複数だが、30-minuteという言葉は形容詞なので、minuteは複数形にしない。30-secondも同様。）
soundless：a. 音のしない
clip：n. （映画・テレビ番組などの）一こま、一場面、ビデオクリップ
physician：医師
patient：患者
physician-patient：a. 医師と患者の
niceness：n. 優しい気持ち、心地良さ、優しさ
whether or not that ~：〜かどうか
sue：訴える
have to do with ~：〜と関係がある、〜に関連している
incompetent：a. 無能な、能力のない
interact：vi. 交流する、ふれ合う
candidate：n. 候補者、志願者
judgments of political candidates’ faces in just one second これ全てがpredictの主語「候補者を１秒間見るだけの判断が」
gubernatorial：a. 知事の
gubernatorial race：知事選挙戦
gubernatorial election：知事選挙
governor：知事
digital：a. デジタルの
emoticon：n. 顔文字（「emotion感情」と「iconアイコン」から作られた造語）
claim：vt. （関心などを）呼ぶ、勝ち取る
negotiation：n. 交渉、話し合い
lead to ~：〜をもたらす、引き起こす、〜につながる
poorly：adv. 下手に、まずく、不完全に
influence：vt. 〜に影響を与える、感化する
physiology：n. 生理、生理機能；生理学（ここでは「体、身体」くらいの意味）
prejudice：n. 先入観、偏見
competitive：a. 競争心の強い、競争力のある
business school：〈米〉ビジネススクール、経営学大学院【略】BS
inevitable：a. 避けられない、不可避の、当然の、必ず起こる、必然的な
dynamics：n. （複数扱い）相互の力関係；（単数扱い）力学
power dynamics：力関係
dominance：n. 支配、優勢、優越
解説
人というのは面白いもので、誰かを判断する基準は、誰かが正しいことを言っているか正しいことをしているかどうかではなく、瞬間に自分が見た感覚で、それもほぼ自分勝手な思いで判断しているようです。物事を先入観や判断なしに見つめるというのが大切なのでしょう。
また、自分の非言語行動が他人の判断に影響を与えるだけでなく、実は自分の心にも影響を与えているということを忘れがちだ、ということを覚えておきたいですね。